Fethullah Gülen is a Turkish Islamic scholar, preacher, and the founder of the Gülen Movement, known for promoting interfaith dialogue, education, and social services.
Birth and Early Life
Born in 1941 in Erzurum, Turkey, Gülen grew up studying religion. He became an influential preacher in Turkey in the 1960s, emphasizing education as a path to spiritual and societal progress.
The Gülen Movement (Hizmet)
The Gülen Movement, also known as Hizmet (meaning "service" in Turkish), grew from Gülen’s teachings, promoting education and intercultural dialogue. It became a global network, founding schools, universities, and cultural centers across the world.
Exile to the United States
In 1999, Gülen left Turkey for self-imposed exile in the United States, citing health reasons and political pressure. He has resided in Pennsylvania ever since.
Relationship with Erdoğan
Initially supportive of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Gülen and Erdoğan's relationship soured in the 2010s. Erdoğan later accused Gülen and his followers of attempting to undermine his government.
Allegations of Coup Involvement
After the failed coup attempt in Turkey in July 2016, Erdoğan’s government accused Gülen of orchestrating the coup through his followers in the military and government. Gülen has denied any involvement.
International Repercussions
Following the coup, Turkey has sought Gülen’s extradition from the U.S., and has pressured other countries to close Gülen-affiliated schools and institutions.
Gülen’s Teachings
Despite the controversy, Gülen’s teachings focus on the importance of education, ethical living, and interfaith dialogue. His movement continues to have influence in various parts of the world.